美國學校評審制度
5 d" p6 f9 {' }: Y: q留美選擇學校,最重要的就是要先考慮這個學校是否被認證。
- j' [7 z; g, i當你念完書想找事做,你的老板會仔細地看你的文憑。畢業於經過認證的學校,這個時候用處就大了,因為許多公司只會考慮聘用經過認證學校的畢業生。
/ f, h6 L) D% j辛苦來美留學,結果念的卻是不被承認的學校,那豈不是太冤枉了。
0 h6 M) Y0 _" P4 K0 n, }+ F現在讓我們一起來看看美國學校的評審制度。
t1 z: Y3 M, D( D. b5 B/ z: m美國學校如何評審
2 U. g/ R$ i3 y7 b在美國由一些非營利機構負責評審學院與大學及其學術專業課程,這些機構則由聯邦教育部定期審核、監督。雖然有些學校不在乎是否通過評審,不過大部分都希望經由相關機構取得認證。 0 X7 x0 c K4 u- p, P% h/ |
評估一所學校或一項計劃,認證機構通常有下列步驟:
$ `( [$ s2 Q) k2 j- c1) 各校事先準備好的自我評估;
# A+ B! |) P8 ]6 t" w1 X3 ^* Z2) 認證機構指定小組審查自我評估,拜訪校園,實地探詢,作成報告;
$ g, M2 T4 G$ d8 s3) 認證機構決定是否通過給予認證。
! L( U( y' J9 v, g* Z9 T在認證通過前,某些單位獲得的是「暫時認證」;不過這並不能保證這些單位一定能獲得認證。
( a O }: X( G) ]) M, z, w& _六個區域認證機構
+ E, I8 q/ z( g+ }% D4 u( f美國有六個區域認證機構,它們主要功能在評估教育單位,包括公立和私立大學和學院及其他相關學校. 這六個機構是: * O& q' v1 D) U/ B; r* o
Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools ( u4 L1 Y/ b+ l% z0 K
New England Association of Schools and Colleges ' e- e, w6 y8 U4 b5 J# C- U
North Central Association of Colleges and Schools * _# Y' v& \- Y* W' x, j6 \
Northwest Association of Schools and Colleges
0 ?- i8 O" x6 ESouthern Association of Colleges and Schools , P% Q% E& O7 f. }( c5 {
Western Association of Schools and Colleges.
0 r6 ?1 E+ \) o5 t每一認證機構負責該區各州審核工作。 % A( Q: X) E1 J: O. m
Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools
, ^' h, P% q! K9 N/ w( ?# e負責地區包括﹕德拉瓦州、哥倫比亞特區、馬里蘭州、新澤西州、紐約州、賓州、美屬波多黎各及維京群島 , ?9 b/ I% n0 |. i% H
New England Association of Schools and Colleges 9 a* s7 @- k) e) _
該區機構負責審核高等教育及職業訓練單位,地區包括康乃狄克州、緬因州、麻薩諸塞州、新罕布夏州、羅德島和佛蒙特州。 2 r7 I/ b2 s1 ]0 V0 \
North Central Association of Colleges and Schools I1 R# q4 l o ~6 R3 k
責地區包括﹕亞利桑那州、阿肯色州、科羅拉多州、伊利諾州、印地安那州、愛阿華州、堪薩斯州、密西根州、明尼蘇達州、密蘇里州、內布拉斯加州、新墨西哥州、北達科達州、俄亥俄州、奧克拉荷馬州、南達科達州、西維吉尼亞州、威斯康辛州和懷俄明州。
# P# X4 s& B' X r, NNorthwest Association of Schools and Colleges . S, h& |2 Z: j1 q& x* |
負責地區包括﹕阿拉巴馬州、佛羅里達州、喬治亞州、肯塔基州、路易斯安那州、密西西比州、北卡羅萊納州、南卡羅萊納州、田納西州、德州和維吉尼亞州。
8 j& n5 ]1 Z; r$ k# f& s8 GSouthern Association of Colleges and Schools
/ c/ a3 `2 ?2 k% e負責地區包括﹕阿拉斯加州、愛達荷州、蒙大拿州、內華達州、俄勒岡州、猶他州和華盛頓州。 A6 _- Y& v' { ]3 o; U
Western Association of Schools and Colleges( w6 i5 H, u% x4 I- x
負責地區包括加州、夏威夷州和美屬薩摩群島、馬里亞納群島、關島。 % D* F, ~, c0 ]8 S8 R* R3 G
教育單位認證機構: 7 m0 V. w: M0 X9 a; Z2 ^
Accrediting Council for Continuing Education & Training (ACCET); " `: n/ }5 j( t3 x
Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools (ACICS); Distance Education and Training Council
" r: a' A! w6 R. M. Q' ], E/ D; O教育單位認證與計畫認證0 B5 q) f5 T/ p6 l5 g
除上述六個區域認證機構和教育單位認證機構外,還有一些專業認證機構負責審核學術課程;某些教育單位獲得認證,但不保證該單位所有課程都會獲得認證。當你找學校時,最重要的就是學校和課程都要經過認證才行。下面這些機構可以幫你查明認證情況:
1 V! u) X0 d! W1 b* PPrograms and Professional Accrediting Agencies
( u3 W2 ]3 i+ _3 F! s! X/ \" BProgram
, ^6 `3 }# w4 C, OAccrediting Agency
( M2 h6 r6 _$ o* g6 UAcupuncture
. `2 u. v7 \$ m$ n) P ?0 cNational Accreditation Committee for Schools and Colleges of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine
) S& R6 g0 m, O+ tAllied Health
, D- K5 M' H X* D4 \ N8 sCommission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs
; t/ T2 ^! J# W& BArchitecture 1 n) A% t3 G; v7 @% A; j
National Architectural Accrediting Board
7 h, b! R& H8 g1 a: g$ t' |; Z' {Art and Design. u. U, s& I" U2 U E5 m
National Association of Schools of Art and Design
+ k9 b f: P, l: J6 `Business
; P+ w1 N: C( [, sAssociation of Collegiate Business Schools and Programs
4 H6 K \" Q: \0 |3 JChiropractic - D' K2 c; F3 m0 M2 B% s
The Council on Chiropractic Education
1 h: _4 S# y# ~Dance , l. u5 a0 |: F8 ]3 X; }
National Association of Schools of Dance ; N- L2 d- K+ \& w4 L1 s
Dentistry 5 @, F/ _7 F" d/ B
Commission on Dental Accreditation, American Dental Association
3 W" S2 W) {1 U- n$ o3 f! _Education
, p/ C e0 @! m) B8 ?% _National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education7 D m9 Y9 r) H9 t; [& I/ a6 ~, @; @
Engineering
* x- j a7 l7 ~9 z& XAccreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, Inc.+ M4 u3 w* Q% o* b1 y
Environment
: X/ {- N* M x0 iNational Environmental Health Science and Protection Accreditation+ {8 y% n% _( ^. C% N7 `
Health Services Administration
. }! a% ]3 Z! U6 N. OAccrediting Commission on Education for Health Services Administration
# s" g$ p0 O; VInterior Design
, X1 t* g. X4 M+ S) m6 p8 pFoundation for Interior Design Education Research
+ {1 S$ I0 Y6 VJournalism and Mass Communications: }, e9 j) k3 b9 p4 E) \7 v
Accrediting Council on Education in Journalism and Mass Communications i9 Q& Q% p' @1 Z: ~+ J
Law , {4 ?) V1 U1 z/ D, A- m- S1 y
American Bar Association ( U3 s, j7 _8 q1 M3 O0 T
Marriage and Family Therapy 7 m* T9 U3 @# L4 h
American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy' h( J$ s" c/ m; ~
Medicine
$ @5 p/ _% D) B( t- u% ELiaison Committee on Medical Education, Association of American Medical Colleges, American Medical Association. x8 @: b8 w5 M3 e+ R2 o
Music - `) o2 Q- k1 ]+ \+ k3 w
National Association of Schools of Music0 x3 V7 E' @! `4 j$ U! ~
Naturopathic Medicine
$ z( H; Y: n0 W, XCouncil on Naturopathic Medical Education
4 D# o2 n- \2 Q, ?: |Nurse Anesthesia3 ?" l8 i- w& k! q+ e
Council on Accreditation of Nurse Anesthetists Educational Programs
4 I3 C1 l {6 j% b( q& f$ Z! vNurse Midwifery8 m& y4 S P* J% I: k, u
Division of Accreditation, American College of Nurse-Midwives
O4 E8 l& g5 i! X% t- iNursing & ?. ~# z+ w, C8 n
Accreditation Services, National League for Nursing, Inc.
2 d$ L O4 T( y8 `" q6 ^2 f3 M* ROccupational Therapy! M$ P/ z5 r" j& |' g5 j4 X
Accreditation Department, American Occupational Therapy Association
_6 l; a' w( m$ _5 vOptometry
) D9 ]5 {; O f8 i. d3 WCouncil on Optometric Education, American Optometric Association" n2 l, p& _. ~1 i
Osteopathic Medicine
2 E- c5 q- j% N8 `$ W6 ]0 H% ^! iDepartment of Education, American Osteopathic Association# d8 z% T5 M+ s* K7 N) c
Pharmacy 8 B+ L6 A+ ^- v; R
American Council on Pharmaceutical Education
+ T. X' ~2 H H- J7 C0 U3 ^- PPhysical Therapy
$ I3 E ]2 d7 B/ u+ }& xAmerican Physical Therapy Association
( k( L$ n6 \& G; T3 [Podiatric Medicine
9 S* M4 G: g/ a- U( k) m# iCouncil on Podiatric Medical Education, American Podiatric Medical Association
# m( B; m# U7 c: R zPsychology : V& L' i# _2 D# o+ L0 v3 U4 {
Program Consultation and Accreditation Office, American Psychological Association0 E7 x" @2 l3 }
Public Health
( ]" ~5 N5 N, K A9 Q A) N- S) |: ZCouncil on Education for Public Health4 e) Z0 O9 F' n6 Z# ], l6 O
Rabbinical and Talmudic Education/ I ^4 g$ c5 b* {9 n& Q
Association of Advanced Rabbinical and Talmudic Schools
! J( ^/ X7 j. eSpeech-Language Pathology and Audiology
3 S- ?; s6 _+ X2 ]+ L& EAcademic Affairs and Credentialing Division, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association/ u& ?. K8 {* H% H% u9 s
Theater
t) ~8 j! R" `9 v6 o- ^0 P! H9 eNational Association of Schools of Theatre8 e' v" {# b( M& y/ _8 F& A
Theology
7 X! l9 l. v$ X% h% ?2 t, e. RAssociation of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada
# U8 N' L( x. V! DVeterinary Medicine
9 z! q3 G1 N: w7 OAmerican Veterinary Medicine Association |