美國學校評審制度0 L2 Z. t, h7 h1 P8 H( E) H
留美選擇學校,最重要的就是要先考慮這個學校是否被認證。 # z! ^8 O; R/ |0 C% z( O
當你念完書想找事做,你的老板會仔細地看你的文憑。畢業於經過認證的學校,這個時候用處就大了,因為許多公司只會考慮聘用經過認證學校的畢業生。 / `# O1 t, X4 K9 [2 s: W$ c) _
辛苦來美留學,結果念的卻是不被承認的學校,那豈不是太冤枉了。
8 |+ e: K" U3 q現在讓我們一起來看看美國學校的評審制度。
7 ^( A3 |6 P4 h8 S. F0 ?美國學校如何評審
4 M: w1 Q; B# [" C7 r# k在美國由一些非營利機構負責評審學院與大學及其學術專業課程,這些機構則由聯邦教育部定期審核、監督。雖然有些學校不在乎是否通過評審,不過大部分都希望經由相關機構取得認證。
1 V4 \/ g2 I# t9 D* s2 o評估一所學校或一項計劃,認證機構通常有下列步驟: 0 [3 R: F7 A) Z$ Z _. _& h0 I
1) 各校事先準備好的自我評估;
9 _0 C6 u. V: s( l+ S, j; e2) 認證機構指定小組審查自我評估,拜訪校園,實地探詢,作成報告;
7 ?5 z3 Y3 M2 p+ j d o3) 認證機構決定是否通過給予認證。 . Z6 |$ L1 n$ B% Z) O e% R3 d
在認證通過前,某些單位獲得的是「暫時認證」;不過這並不能保證這些單位一定能獲得認證。 9 z0 G j6 _6 C- ~/ H, b: y
六個區域認證機構% s- Z! a( \+ B9 `; n* R1 r
美國有六個區域認證機構,它們主要功能在評估教育單位,包括公立和私立大學和學院及其他相關學校. 這六個機構是: ) a5 G4 v) x/ `' Y% f; m8 L
Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools
0 \1 G% W0 W2 i0 c! z. W& JNew England Association of Schools and Colleges
' q) V4 L# M$ {' j9 k# ~" O5 SNorth Central Association of Colleges and Schools # U: [4 [! u8 F9 F8 F, B o2 K. ~
Northwest Association of Schools and Colleges , w. Q# l7 C0 V$ y
Southern Association of Colleges and Schools . M! x$ x" Z/ f6 z
Western Association of Schools and Colleges.
- e# A. z( Y5 V9 r( x' l; R每一認證機構負責該區各州審核工作。 % u8 h! A* E2 G E% t
Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools
" l7 R) ^* x4 b. U- X y負責地區包括﹕德拉瓦州、哥倫比亞特區、馬里蘭州、新澤西州、紐約州、賓州、美屬波多黎各及維京群島
+ u! v; Q) q8 r6 H$ TNew England Association of Schools and Colleges # k$ z: e$ A* U7 B$ b$ `7 W
該區機構負責審核高等教育及職業訓練單位,地區包括康乃狄克州、緬因州、麻薩諸塞州、新罕布夏州、羅德島和佛蒙特州。 ! j' Q) d8 d' f$ Q
North Central Association of Colleges and Schools # t% ^+ H3 P0 B1 `
責地區包括﹕亞利桑那州、阿肯色州、科羅拉多州、伊利諾州、印地安那州、愛阿華州、堪薩斯州、密西根州、明尼蘇達州、密蘇里州、內布拉斯加州、新墨西哥州、北達科達州、俄亥俄州、奧克拉荷馬州、南達科達州、西維吉尼亞州、威斯康辛州和懷俄明州。
9 _: M( U3 }% N* J6 Y: {1 g" f9 QNorthwest Association of Schools and Colleges # e3 \4 W* D! [1 q7 p+ R: W
負責地區包括﹕阿拉巴馬州、佛羅里達州、喬治亞州、肯塔基州、路易斯安那州、密西西比州、北卡羅萊納州、南卡羅萊納州、田納西州、德州和維吉尼亞州。 # s/ I$ I) K" r% [6 m
Southern Association of Colleges and Schools 8 m$ S8 B% _" p" `7 N
負責地區包括﹕阿拉斯加州、愛達荷州、蒙大拿州、內華達州、俄勒岡州、猶他州和華盛頓州。
! [* i$ S' `5 R# i1 }6 Q6 S8 uWestern Association of Schools and Colleges
Z8 x+ q7 [; Z) Y0 q: @8 F負責地區包括加州、夏威夷州和美屬薩摩群島、馬里亞納群島、關島。 0 C: J$ C& w4 H4 N' F8 b
教育單位認證機構: 3 A6 Z* r) w8 y3 Z* ^
Accrediting Council for Continuing Education & Training (ACCET); " ?. E# {: O& ]7 V
Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools (ACICS); Distance Education and Training Council & o; a$ {# G9 J: N
教育單位認證與計畫認證( n7 P+ [0 R, x* h7 Z" A
除上述六個區域認證機構和教育單位認證機構外,還有一些專業認證機構負責審核學術課程;某些教育單位獲得認證,但不保證該單位所有課程都會獲得認證。當你找學校時,最重要的就是學校和課程都要經過認證才行。下面這些機構可以幫你查明認證情況:
4 g8 J' e6 T: w! K: ?Programs and Professional Accrediting Agencies 9 I, ~6 Q+ q% x3 ]4 M& T* E% a
Program0 r6 `' `: f0 {2 ^8 V
Accrediting Agency
; ^4 E% d6 L# L9 l3 f" \! \* w+ WAcupuncture
- z6 r' ~: U3 ?1 E+ e# cNational Accreditation Committee for Schools and Colleges of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine
: q6 v# @$ ~5 M5 s% [Allied Health( r" p- l$ |7 F: `( i
Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs, v* N5 R: U8 J% S3 O) X
Architecture 0 a+ o% F. ]; P9 V4 k6 e2 G# y
National Architectural Accrediting Board
1 N6 Q7 J& R/ `8 Q9 f6 K7 A- R4 Q# m2 LArt and Design
+ Y5 d, I1 w. t/ o) X9 LNational Association of Schools of Art and Design 9 m, \& w. I$ W3 P) L
Business / K6 E2 y% b9 z% _5 y. ?
Association of Collegiate Business Schools and Programs 1 Q1 D- u- ^- f2 h
Chiropractic
, o' A- A* [9 _" L! tThe Council on Chiropractic Education1 u( ] I o" ~% ?3 c# m7 f
Dance
/ c* e& s w. n. o( i* I* lNational Association of Schools of Dance . v: s F5 I3 b
Dentistry
& V2 f8 D+ P. a' [' i8 ]4 X4 s3 tCommission on Dental Accreditation, American Dental Association
/ D$ a* @4 ^7 y* REducation
' `* a0 ^& l, PNational Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education
# A7 w4 q) Z' C! Y6 k+ n2 |7 m( ZEngineering! E0 `5 k. x" G: Z/ G+ ]& G6 p0 v3 ]/ {
Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, Inc.1 B* r: `" t5 }
Environment
& ~! z- B; s6 M. [National Environmental Health Science and Protection Accreditation
% g3 R* o& T. r3 s0 P$ C1 AHealth Services Administration
! ?1 j2 m1 c& `) Z3 pAccrediting Commission on Education for Health Services Administration. h5 J w, S5 _ S4 I3 [8 j) C
Interior Design
- a# O8 s! T( i2 zFoundation for Interior Design Education Research( T. r9 s, E5 s! F3 G2 @$ Q7 C
Journalism and Mass Communications, ]9 s F% @6 ^% _0 ^
Accrediting Council on Education in Journalism and Mass Communications
# [. |% T% ?( ]Law
! E8 C8 i# l. RAmerican Bar Association
: X1 L ~. ^6 \( E; i% W8 kMarriage and Family Therapy
J3 Y5 e5 G& X. I A: H/ OAmerican Association for Marriage and Family Therapy
! ]* _. ], l+ K3 @0 z/ sMedicine0 M6 {1 N, b" k
Liaison Committee on Medical Education, Association of American Medical Colleges, American Medical Association
' U# G" S: i5 f; ?Music % s/ _' \5 @: C" z
National Association of Schools of Music2 P9 K+ r( v8 z p: m! _
Naturopathic Medicine
2 J; ~! O( L) C( Q4 o. SCouncil on Naturopathic Medical Education
" _# g; m, G1 h- o) E0 {6 hNurse Anesthesia
: q- A5 o$ x0 p- wCouncil on Accreditation of Nurse Anesthetists Educational Programs; X9 q9 `: Y( K9 z. N9 ?
Nurse Midwifery
/ }0 |+ y$ v, bDivision of Accreditation, American College of Nurse-Midwives
; I1 j1 N$ A9 |, z% uNursing ( k' q5 G7 q7 w A
Accreditation Services, National League for Nursing, Inc.
# x) l; Y& I9 P6 M$ Q5 f7 r. vOccupational Therapy
3 B( v. W( j$ J |+ g3 AAccreditation Department, American Occupational Therapy Association: `: _9 E6 c; {8 D! M7 n# w9 C" Z
Optometry. s: i9 j+ i. ^8 x7 B7 W' [' x' O8 ^
Council on Optometric Education, American Optometric Association2 w& Y! J/ r, a6 R* k" p# ^4 Q
Osteopathic Medicine) \* \1 W' Y' [) [. j Y5 d( s
Department of Education, American Osteopathic Association
6 W O& a3 [$ O# a/ \Pharmacy ) v9 h" \& T( ?! s. Z8 X; S: u
American Council on Pharmaceutical Education; d2 _, L1 @' w* \. M$ A( a
Physical Therapy
6 d9 W( j7 S) S% s; gAmerican Physical Therapy Association
$ ~. m# G6 p# |; k; @Podiatric Medicine( T: [4 A/ f/ ~
Council on Podiatric Medical Education, American Podiatric Medical Association
; c; B6 `/ S: p2 Z+ pPsychology # b4 `+ i- |6 f3 m+ ]
Program Consultation and Accreditation Office, American Psychological Association$ Y. U, U% P) [1 \' C$ ^" F+ S
Public Health
s- v& H0 `1 z+ H2 ^' ]0 z" J: g y3 sCouncil on Education for Public Health
! ~2 l7 h: y) h9 f' v& t8 VRabbinical and Talmudic Education3 q; I/ S. z" m2 O( i
Association of Advanced Rabbinical and Talmudic Schools) \, X9 u7 v6 \! o
Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology
4 S) ^8 G) R/ q+ G. P2 L& uAcademic Affairs and Credentialing Division, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association8 v5 H/ |8 i$ \% t$ h* v" K
Theater: f$ k% i7 ]: o/ L+ f9 F) p
National Association of Schools of Theatre a1 Y* ?" w, t% I: q" |( g
Theology 3 a! X1 \+ e6 r; L/ p
Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada! M s$ i2 Y- S, n
Veterinary Medicine
. w% S9 a7 `( z m& e1 SAmerican Veterinary Medicine Association |