美國學校評審制度9 d5 U# `) Q7 X4 U' m6 i; z
留美選擇學校,最重要的就是要先考慮這個學校是否被認證。 4 r' n+ f* s* Q& v! F7 h4 v0 o
當你念完書想找事做,你的老板會仔細地看你的文憑。畢業於經過認證的學校,這個時候用處就大了,因為許多公司只會考慮聘用經過認證學校的畢業生。
( q7 c: ?: [+ y) T辛苦來美留學,結果念的卻是不被承認的學校,那豈不是太冤枉了。
" d* a& j2 g9 i3 C現在讓我們一起來看看美國學校的評審制度。
# ]# K4 }1 D9 a9 @2 {, ` T美國學校如何評審
4 v8 i3 T; z* v- {* |在美國由一些非營利機構負責評審學院與大學及其學術專業課程,這些機構則由聯邦教育部定期審核、監督。雖然有些學校不在乎是否通過評審,不過大部分都希望經由相關機構取得認證。
' h, {6 Y0 a7 b+ y2 Q評估一所學校或一項計劃,認證機構通常有下列步驟: ! N. I! o- M z7 g& i/ G+ ^* A
1) 各校事先準備好的自我評估;
) z$ l3 W' p' V) Y- S; W; G& w2) 認證機構指定小組審查自我評估,拜訪校園,實地探詢,作成報告;
& r: Z& V. i# @& O1 \; ~2 E3) 認證機構決定是否通過給予認證。
: {1 b3 l1 u1 Z' U+ H& M7 d* o在認證通過前,某些單位獲得的是「暫時認證」;不過這並不能保證這些單位一定能獲得認證。
9 U; S, R& x2 m. _/ W% x六個區域認證機構: Y& T$ o& G7 N6 J4 ~* d
美國有六個區域認證機構,它們主要功能在評估教育單位,包括公立和私立大學和學院及其他相關學校. 這六個機構是:
7 R' W/ D6 r/ S( ~6 P- [Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools P! n# [8 A* L6 Y) E0 b
New England Association of Schools and Colleges
- e2 ?* V4 z8 ]) VNorth Central Association of Colleges and Schools # K8 J/ A& ?* F" l" T1 ~7 g
Northwest Association of Schools and Colleges 8 J; n# l$ W7 I. I D7 N y- w0 C
Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
6 F4 l9 S. b, w. [4 X. JWestern Association of Schools and Colleges. 1 ]5 r* u5 e' n) y2 c
每一認證機構負責該區各州審核工作。 ; D8 x! {+ J: Z
Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools % G, Z' F, a. h; n% \
負責地區包括﹕德拉瓦州、哥倫比亞特區、馬里蘭州、新澤西州、紐約州、賓州、美屬波多黎各及維京群島 3 D: E( m+ \2 q' X g5 i" H
New England Association of Schools and Colleges ' v' ]- g% H/ F1 l# k1 Y3 M# ]! W
該區機構負責審核高等教育及職業訓練單位,地區包括康乃狄克州、緬因州、麻薩諸塞州、新罕布夏州、羅德島和佛蒙特州。
) o# \ {5 { B) U8 _North Central Association of Colleges and Schools % ~5 w3 B2 T; g4 d
責地區包括﹕亞利桑那州、阿肯色州、科羅拉多州、伊利諾州、印地安那州、愛阿華州、堪薩斯州、密西根州、明尼蘇達州、密蘇里州、內布拉斯加州、新墨西哥州、北達科達州、俄亥俄州、奧克拉荷馬州、南達科達州、西維吉尼亞州、威斯康辛州和懷俄明州。 0 O7 H* [9 a/ _+ k. u; S
Northwest Association of Schools and Colleges . _1 Y6 @) r* d+ n/ J: Q
負責地區包括﹕阿拉巴馬州、佛羅里達州、喬治亞州、肯塔基州、路易斯安那州、密西西比州、北卡羅萊納州、南卡羅萊納州、田納西州、德州和維吉尼亞州。
5 V+ a4 k4 d- _! x0 |9 e/ OSouthern Association of Colleges and Schools " m3 d: q1 @: f% h+ _
負責地區包括﹕阿拉斯加州、愛達荷州、蒙大拿州、內華達州、俄勒岡州、猶他州和華盛頓州。 & \$ j0 e' Y/ O" e/ W
Western Association of Schools and Colleges* t, X' ?, b+ ~
負責地區包括加州、夏威夷州和美屬薩摩群島、馬里亞納群島、關島。
" c& _$ K6 O; r( R; ?( b; ~教育單位認證機構:
9 \* L: T$ G- c. r" m/ |Accrediting Council for Continuing Education & Training (ACCET); . E9 {" p* g- \. B6 U- C# o
Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools (ACICS); Distance Education and Training Council
+ ]6 G G2 _! h( j: X% h3 H教育單位認證與計畫認證2 A% K% x, P! E1 E* ^* d
除上述六個區域認證機構和教育單位認證機構外,還有一些專業認證機構負責審核學術課程;某些教育單位獲得認證,但不保證該單位所有課程都會獲得認證。當你找學校時,最重要的就是學校和課程都要經過認證才行。下面這些機構可以幫你查明認證情況:
, J- h% _9 d8 ?! HPrograms and Professional Accrediting Agencies # {& J/ K/ c& a. ]$ E' U
Program4 B+ P) r& z4 u7 m# r* K! b8 E
Accrediting Agency " Z% p3 [8 e. u8 m
Acupuncture/ N7 V. [0 F8 p
National Accreditation Committee for Schools and Colleges of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine 3 x+ P! z2 W" }. s/ Z
Allied Health6 f7 b4 n n: v8 V0 x
Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs' l& ]( }; H: C; H8 b1 n
Architecture
0 l, ~% @, k4 E# u$ g3 uNational Architectural Accrediting Board
4 [2 b* A, x8 L# o$ v% fArt and Design: b; k# a& Z" v0 `. V8 t
National Association of Schools of Art and Design 5 `! @0 E- |# O) ^" r2 @
Business - H( d/ l+ y" o% s( Z+ r) I
Association of Collegiate Business Schools and Programs
# X% a" Y2 g$ k& ZChiropractic
7 P0 t- k7 x1 D% z) |! F, L+ T& _The Council on Chiropractic Education
8 [1 d N. q3 F: D6 aDance / J- }1 `/ ]# n2 ?+ r) O* o! [
National Association of Schools of Dance
% w M) z. p* K6 dDentistry
9 \5 s4 ^/ b4 \/ |5 ]6 CCommission on Dental Accreditation, American Dental Association3 _) X: I9 {! R! J# |; j% O. ^3 `
Education0 V. K% Q; x4 d: h1 T* ]7 o0 k
National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education
( F) R5 A- S8 i# ^& p7 U2 k KEngineering
& P3 p& v1 d0 S, Z, ^Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, Inc.: C' m/ K# u+ Y# o7 d3 S4 w+ k
Environment
7 r u% U. T: T K4 |National Environmental Health Science and Protection Accreditation/ K! V9 F( q" k+ c
Health Services Administration8 u0 v9 g/ _7 Z) u
Accrediting Commission on Education for Health Services Administration
4 d( f! P5 M5 {# V* ~0 k. ZInterior Design
. z/ M R# U8 J$ f/ J8 cFoundation for Interior Design Education Research
& _. U# M- {2 t+ C* u! AJournalism and Mass Communications, Y$ [# d& k; c9 X4 r* g
Accrediting Council on Education in Journalism and Mass Communications
7 I3 ^ ?4 g1 [- R5 ]/ G' kLaw
; K+ C$ ~. c" \/ w# c! CAmerican Bar Association
7 D3 f+ @& J2 k$ M0 }; ZMarriage and Family Therapy
$ H" `9 h# a7 A3 }American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy0 F2 w; }7 P5 _' s1 h$ D
Medicine
* Y* j- D6 }3 {) R4 ]0 | KLiaison Committee on Medical Education, Association of American Medical Colleges, American Medical Association; [& {' \1 h3 E- X9 G+ r$ a. g
Music " R$ T9 [5 j. u1 o! [8 k" H
National Association of Schools of Music w* m" w" l, |; [$ R
Naturopathic Medicine$ b- Z1 B4 B$ _( o* t4 X2 j4 m m
Council on Naturopathic Medical Education
, E9 c) ?+ d: X- z; }* N hNurse Anesthesia! g2 g$ l, [) [8 p( }* A$ Q+ W
Council on Accreditation of Nurse Anesthetists Educational Programs$ y% I: y' {: P; n0 m
Nurse Midwifery
: d6 R2 h+ m; uDivision of Accreditation, American College of Nurse-Midwives
; C$ O2 V/ \4 B) t" c& T+ @Nursing
6 r; L6 `5 k- U2 p( i( FAccreditation Services, National League for Nursing, Inc., Q- n9 I8 D$ p. B
Occupational Therapy
5 b" k( r$ c( w! P" F" r3 KAccreditation Department, American Occupational Therapy Association6 { W8 w" D7 |1 C7 g% j
Optometry
# Y c2 p) o. G4 MCouncil on Optometric Education, American Optometric Association% ]8 _3 l( ~# ~5 `' F9 `
Osteopathic Medicine( D6 t2 l% J+ d" H2 R9 G
Department of Education, American Osteopathic Association$ @- z& B% V' i
Pharmacy
6 c- B, ?9 _/ s5 `, J7 T4 `) lAmerican Council on Pharmaceutical Education6 @! r' B6 S# X
Physical Therapy
2 N1 T0 z8 Z- d0 i& }1 k* }American Physical Therapy Association+ u* {! \0 v# d9 _. X
Podiatric Medicine
- V& G% z6 [8 K, N- DCouncil on Podiatric Medical Education, American Podiatric Medical Association1 J1 M8 s y2 p3 l) i
Psychology ( _+ T4 e: p8 w9 s$ }" Z! m
Program Consultation and Accreditation Office, American Psychological Association9 x/ p) ] O: u
Public Health6 r8 K9 S3 T" ~ I ]1 D
Council on Education for Public Health9 P' ]# ~4 W8 _+ `
Rabbinical and Talmudic Education
) @) i- H% M5 w9 y* `3 ^. vAssociation of Advanced Rabbinical and Talmudic Schools
$ u4 c) q( ^1 J7 [Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology
$ o2 \2 g9 V' x* w+ OAcademic Affairs and Credentialing Division, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association) g1 I& H5 S$ j
Theater
/ a. H# C0 W6 K' wNational Association of Schools of Theatre: {& a& G& |0 _6 N5 a
Theology
! R& l/ C8 V, Q' ZAssociation of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada" E3 b8 n0 Y, P& A
Veterinary Medicine
+ k0 T7 {2 z* ?9 vAmerican Veterinary Medicine Association |