美國學校評審制度1 t$ v4 P$ B1 f4 C6 ^0 @( O3 X4 c
留美選擇學校,最重要的就是要先考慮這個學校是否被認證。
) q% ?; K; h! \; I, f當你念完書想找事做,你的老板會仔細地看你的文憑。畢業於經過認證的學校,這個時候用處就大了,因為許多公司只會考慮聘用經過認證學校的畢業生。 # f$ W5 w/ E: `3 p% K! ?3 {. E
辛苦來美留學,結果念的卻是不被承認的學校,那豈不是太冤枉了。
! R7 ~- V! ]6 i5 w0 N現在讓我們一起來看看美國學校的評審制度。 0 b* ]4 `9 B$ t9 U
美國學校如何評審
! j1 D& D! Q. M在美國由一些非營利機構負責評審學院與大學及其學術專業課程,這些機構則由聯邦教育部定期審核、監督。雖然有些學校不在乎是否通過評審,不過大部分都希望經由相關機構取得認證。
6 ~3 o2 @/ ^- K1 a" t評估一所學校或一項計劃,認證機構通常有下列步驟:
8 N+ j j" Y# i6 U; ^3 H1) 各校事先準備好的自我評估;
) w$ b( s$ A$ c2) 認證機構指定小組審查自我評估,拜訪校園,實地探詢,作成報告; % s1 D3 ]- v6 k1 F: ]
3) 認證機構決定是否通過給予認證。 9 o4 k8 W, t( ?
在認證通過前,某些單位獲得的是「暫時認證」;不過這並不能保證這些單位一定能獲得認證。 2 b, ]+ S+ }* B9 ]! G( K! b5 v
六個區域認證機構7 ]' C g' X# `9 x2 A% A
美國有六個區域認證機構,它們主要功能在評估教育單位,包括公立和私立大學和學院及其他相關學校. 這六個機構是: ) K' m; P+ B7 V( G5 Z
Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools 1 l% b4 ]. g- e- G' n
New England Association of Schools and Colleges
5 ?" [2 s' f' H' F7 k1 YNorth Central Association of Colleges and Schools
% U+ t3 u0 {0 p! x mNorthwest Association of Schools and Colleges
' {4 d# @( @! o, \5 R* YSouthern Association of Colleges and Schools 0 i- b6 V( Z2 B: P- k
Western Association of Schools and Colleges. 0 d9 f: m2 s! j3 ]0 ]
每一認證機構負責該區各州審核工作。
& N L8 ]! t5 }1 t. |9 P: pMiddle States Association of Colleges and Schools
C) @& p( A% q/ i0 o負責地區包括﹕德拉瓦州、哥倫比亞特區、馬里蘭州、新澤西州、紐約州、賓州、美屬波多黎各及維京群島 ' N/ `1 ?3 ^. ^& R
New England Association of Schools and Colleges : t" d3 ?% h8 z, p
該區機構負責審核高等教育及職業訓練單位,地區包括康乃狄克州、緬因州、麻薩諸塞州、新罕布夏州、羅德島和佛蒙特州。
9 Y6 P& N) a5 R% z, x6 N& pNorth Central Association of Colleges and Schools
& n/ Q, o# s0 P4 R5 n. p3 W, F6 [責地區包括﹕亞利桑那州、阿肯色州、科羅拉多州、伊利諾州、印地安那州、愛阿華州、堪薩斯州、密西根州、明尼蘇達州、密蘇里州、內布拉斯加州、新墨西哥州、北達科達州、俄亥俄州、奧克拉荷馬州、南達科達州、西維吉尼亞州、威斯康辛州和懷俄明州。
' D9 f; Y% u s1 ~) V1 B5 M9 mNorthwest Association of Schools and Colleges
6 X( m6 b1 a' g. N& n& b負責地區包括﹕阿拉巴馬州、佛羅里達州、喬治亞州、肯塔基州、路易斯安那州、密西西比州、北卡羅萊納州、南卡羅萊納州、田納西州、德州和維吉尼亞州。 7 v. G2 a! p! K2 c
Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
: x! j. W3 W8 B2 W2 o' X負責地區包括﹕阿拉斯加州、愛達荷州、蒙大拿州、內華達州、俄勒岡州、猶他州和華盛頓州。
0 u1 G8 h: ~' ]& i7 g/ a ]( NWestern Association of Schools and Colleges
, b/ p/ w; y2 r) X9 |0 t% e負責地區包括加州、夏威夷州和美屬薩摩群島、馬里亞納群島、關島。
3 ]" I7 l+ l- J' K1 _0 Q' r. R教育單位認證機構: 5 ?, G) {7 X* h) V% y6 m9 q4 s/ B
Accrediting Council for Continuing Education & Training (ACCET); 2 Z7 ?; b: I N0 }- T
Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools (ACICS); Distance Education and Training Council
1 D- G* p: @ B: Z' @( ~教育單位認證與計畫認證
p+ H8 v h$ ~. U& h/ P除上述六個區域認證機構和教育單位認證機構外,還有一些專業認證機構負責審核學術課程;某些教育單位獲得認證,但不保證該單位所有課程都會獲得認證。當你找學校時,最重要的就是學校和課程都要經過認證才行。下面這些機構可以幫你查明認證情況:
) B% K. R1 ?& h* QPrograms and Professional Accrediting Agencies
- z/ H- B: p& L% mProgram
; ]/ F) E6 F, U3 R. H5 d9 A9 dAccrediting Agency
+ m \8 b3 Z! R1 J1 e8 mAcupuncture
& Y" h# g5 N: \1 eNational Accreditation Committee for Schools and Colleges of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine
9 N" q Z7 \$ k/ ]" S( `Allied Health
" `; N# o* ?- o3 o+ {Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs& p5 ^0 c2 a7 B5 D
Architecture
# O, u, s& @$ K7 H! x2 E4 G1 C) ]8 `National Architectural Accrediting Board
7 }8 E0 l$ W7 T. d1 xArt and Design
2 \/ D# E. e4 s% J5 Y; YNational Association of Schools of Art and Design 6 ^; a1 y. H$ ` X
Business ( X1 w" ?& }: \9 w) I+ G
Association of Collegiate Business Schools and Programs
8 g! ^; N8 W7 m7 B% iChiropractic
* ~7 z7 F3 J5 g3 Q# ]& m9 w8 UThe Council on Chiropractic Education# f: z, C5 V# m" o9 i/ r5 u
Dance 5 v3 L" |: }% ^! U/ G
National Association of Schools of Dance 7 q) I- L, r9 z. k0 F! i
Dentistry 3 T$ {) A4 R6 r) r: C# z) w
Commission on Dental Accreditation, American Dental Association) \9 l# u& X3 y9 O+ [ G4 Y! o
Education: a9 S, L; d& y) ^
National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education8 p: G% T* g8 m3 D
Engineering, ~* `3 L+ U b& s% x3 G
Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, Inc.
" i! ]3 \+ D5 z' a; uEnvironment # E+ a# h$ m" L# [0 ^ F+ c
National Environmental Health Science and Protection Accreditation8 s9 N$ W- H6 N* C$ Q8 p
Health Services Administration% o0 P* H) H) p) u2 Q# H) Z
Accrediting Commission on Education for Health Services Administration
$ Q8 f( }$ ~# p; T- o* r1 c# H! Q' K9 KInterior Design
8 B1 y) m" _1 h7 f O. o$ H$ N ?8 `( Q1 ~Foundation for Interior Design Education Research% W) s% x6 }! Y' B% w9 }
Journalism and Mass Communications. G" x- T. O/ J- T
Accrediting Council on Education in Journalism and Mass Communications
4 _+ W. Q1 Z2 a1 F- J9 f% D" FLaw ' n+ e9 L% D1 K; i, x5 a
American Bar Association
, u" ~9 I7 z1 j* g7 P/ w6 @! jMarriage and Family Therapy
$ n4 N4 _- |* nAmerican Association for Marriage and Family Therapy
5 O. W, D8 U7 n. O% V, O" fMedicine
- Z6 A9 r" D- _* m- J4 I* tLiaison Committee on Medical Education, Association of American Medical Colleges, American Medical Association* q* \, k$ w" Y- l& C
Music ' j$ T3 ]6 p+ q3 ?6 U s. E
National Association of Schools of Music$ ^0 p8 z7 ]/ k! G% A) s- {
Naturopathic Medicine( Z+ k7 P* X$ w1 J* i
Council on Naturopathic Medical Education: V6 s4 s% ^- H
Nurse Anesthesia
7 I+ R" W5 `, h% }Council on Accreditation of Nurse Anesthetists Educational Programs
. e! J: \) p+ `5 kNurse Midwifery
9 S2 T" N. E# ]3 @& K( K/ B! W& sDivision of Accreditation, American College of Nurse-Midwives
7 D- g$ ^% T% ^" a% }2 w, j$ u2 o" wNursing ! E ?6 k, _; I2 K9 |
Accreditation Services, National League for Nursing, Inc.! p& f; z2 {( ~, p$ t/ n
Occupational Therapy
4 w: a; o$ y! x7 ]* B, L/ c( RAccreditation Department, American Occupational Therapy Association5 b& b# K2 u: N+ u r, P/ Y
Optometry1 h9 B; K( X+ N, V" W0 y( K$ M
Council on Optometric Education, American Optometric Association* t l. h/ l9 a% G2 o/ x; |2 Q% E
Osteopathic Medicine
. B; b3 U6 b/ \) u# cDepartment of Education, American Osteopathic Association# N ]' I3 n" u+ }7 w$ x3 ^1 H9 J
Pharmacy
' h7 G, B" t. g" RAmerican Council on Pharmaceutical Education: _7 T5 ~9 F7 I$ o2 r9 j
Physical Therapy9 f3 ~" B0 d: c9 e% N: i. L
American Physical Therapy Association. Z- |) l5 j& H5 A3 ]7 F" H/ Y
Podiatric Medicine
. y0 z) _* v' u2 L" c+ dCouncil on Podiatric Medical Education, American Podiatric Medical Association
9 `' Q) z3 K) M- v5 S1 vPsychology
/ @3 i/ f; c XProgram Consultation and Accreditation Office, American Psychological Association$ h' G0 O7 C1 ~' r
Public Health
" T6 ^$ D2 r8 J1 g- sCouncil on Education for Public Health
) g$ Z! l- c1 {( N0 [$ D8 VRabbinical and Talmudic Education
& K6 r+ O9 N" @; E. _2 JAssociation of Advanced Rabbinical and Talmudic Schools
: O3 |$ c% E9 v. fSpeech-Language Pathology and Audiology0 \* d! I& y' E9 Q+ {
Academic Affairs and Credentialing Division, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association/ q$ p( f1 G) y
Theater
) x9 L) t T8 ]) F: q0 M: }National Association of Schools of Theatre
' T2 k9 D# n+ H3 z5 gTheology ! B0 h7 U, r% @4 i" Y
Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada) R' S3 g% a; f5 F2 n: t
Veterinary Medicine6 A: T6 `( h* z
American Veterinary Medicine Association |