美國學校評審制度% ]$ S* U9 D/ d" {. U7 Y. b
留美選擇學校,最重要的就是要先考慮這個學校是否被認證。 + Z+ E) i! o6 U0 o# ^
當你念完書想找事做,你的老板會仔細地看你的文憑。畢業於經過認證的學校,這個時候用處就大了,因為許多公司只會考慮聘用經過認證學校的畢業生。 0 \8 g: l8 h) k9 v6 `% t* p
辛苦來美留學,結果念的卻是不被承認的學校,那豈不是太冤枉了。 4 [& d' P. j& M& M, m4 `; S
現在讓我們一起來看看美國學校的評審制度。 9 w; r" ~$ ^9 W- W4 ~9 s9 V. d
美國學校如何評審
( g3 O5 u' t6 {" W2 n; G, @在美國由一些非營利機構負責評審學院與大學及其學術專業課程,這些機構則由聯邦教育部定期審核、監督。雖然有些學校不在乎是否通過評審,不過大部分都希望經由相關機構取得認證。 6 e9 z4 z' s( n! n. z& W
評估一所學校或一項計劃,認證機構通常有下列步驟: * z) K* V: b/ {, K3 O2 d: A; S
1) 各校事先準備好的自我評估; ( [* q$ h! [) j" ]8 a; Q. F* b; {/ Y
2) 認證機構指定小組審查自我評估,拜訪校園,實地探詢,作成報告; 9 a# p; |: T. ~- O" |
3) 認證機構決定是否通過給予認證。
- {! x7 S9 z1 Z0 V在認證通過前,某些單位獲得的是「暫時認證」;不過這並不能保證這些單位一定能獲得認證。
5 Q. L+ Y3 s# ^' n b2 V, {六個區域認證機構3 |/ L# |6 Z; g5 m/ K5 f
美國有六個區域認證機構,它們主要功能在評估教育單位,包括公立和私立大學和學院及其他相關學校. 這六個機構是:
" b7 U" Y8 v( A! g( u6 gMiddle States Association of Colleges and Schools # X6 I6 g7 N7 y+ ~8 U; X
New England Association of Schools and Colleges
/ o1 K4 R1 z3 n# Z9 f3 L* sNorth Central Association of Colleges and Schools
! D' U/ v) |8 i: z7 j+ \5 h8 HNorthwest Association of Schools and Colleges 7 {/ D& W Y5 } C( U
Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
: Q- R. C1 s) H B( XWestern Association of Schools and Colleges.
. W- S) H$ d- Y4 }" x6 n) o每一認證機構負責該區各州審核工作。 $ C7 `4 U8 K3 Z2 y0 m1 W
Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools
: r: Q, J' l G. w1 N! L) D) E$ x2 h負責地區包括﹕德拉瓦州、哥倫比亞特區、馬里蘭州、新澤西州、紐約州、賓州、美屬波多黎各及維京群島 ) w! X+ K3 m+ Z* `8 T, x! w
New England Association of Schools and Colleges 7 N& K5 k- O1 u* o. i0 I1 R
該區機構負責審核高等教育及職業訓練單位,地區包括康乃狄克州、緬因州、麻薩諸塞州、新罕布夏州、羅德島和佛蒙特州。
. ^# I- |+ D- W4 q3 {* x. iNorth Central Association of Colleges and Schools
- v) A2 f4 o( Q責地區包括﹕亞利桑那州、阿肯色州、科羅拉多州、伊利諾州、印地安那州、愛阿華州、堪薩斯州、密西根州、明尼蘇達州、密蘇里州、內布拉斯加州、新墨西哥州、北達科達州、俄亥俄州、奧克拉荷馬州、南達科達州、西維吉尼亞州、威斯康辛州和懷俄明州。 # W4 E8 r# G7 N7 U Y5 a
Northwest Association of Schools and Colleges 6 P, G, F0 s4 m0 G
負責地區包括﹕阿拉巴馬州、佛羅里達州、喬治亞州、肯塔基州、路易斯安那州、密西西比州、北卡羅萊納州、南卡羅萊納州、田納西州、德州和維吉尼亞州。 6 o& y k- d& n% ^2 f; H- V
Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
) }5 U- c0 z5 x5 ?負責地區包括﹕阿拉斯加州、愛達荷州、蒙大拿州、內華達州、俄勒岡州、猶他州和華盛頓州。 - @" a& e1 o) n: R. D: p0 l5 O
Western Association of Schools and Colleges
5 g$ Z( @; T) a. z3 h) z負責地區包括加州、夏威夷州和美屬薩摩群島、馬里亞納群島、關島。
9 q i1 y4 u* K. Z. ~: l; S* e教育單位認證機構: ! G, d% X8 Q+ N# {/ o
Accrediting Council for Continuing Education & Training (ACCET);
# c- i/ d' l4 _) \/ w+ y! X; }+ t" bAccrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools (ACICS); Distance Education and Training Council
2 g+ h; p' o1 O: h3 e教育單位認證與計畫認證( y+ v. Y( {# I/ _
除上述六個區域認證機構和教育單位認證機構外,還有一些專業認證機構負責審核學術課程;某些教育單位獲得認證,但不保證該單位所有課程都會獲得認證。當你找學校時,最重要的就是學校和課程都要經過認證才行。下面這些機構可以幫你查明認證情況:
4 @. v" F* ?4 D- n* ^9 B7 n7 \$ _Programs and Professional Accrediting Agencies
% r/ P: Z' Z& E6 e+ k+ ?Program5 e! r& G, }- @* A* s2 c
Accrediting Agency
: ?: Y D% c. t+ p6 [Acupuncture+ b8 ~* B0 o8 P1 t4 B: q
National Accreditation Committee for Schools and Colleges of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine
. L0 X6 e( k. o; ?- ^8 m G6 m) r1 [Allied Health
% Y1 H- `* f9 w2 J3 \4 p$ Y9 xCommission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs% q% {9 d& l7 Q( |; a, }
Architecture . p0 H1 ^+ o! X5 `4 w+ C
National Architectural Accrediting Board+ a9 i1 K3 l1 x% o
Art and Design4 @1 S2 F5 G0 J( b4 I7 E
National Association of Schools of Art and Design
# g% f7 m$ K6 @) zBusiness
, `; ?# J4 V, R8 B1 Z+ K: z# \/ pAssociation of Collegiate Business Schools and Programs 7 w% A/ d: O" s: i+ Z4 v# |; Y' H
Chiropractic ) t! i! W8 @0 _7 D: ~; }8 d
The Council on Chiropractic Education
7 F* l6 o b+ ~8 t# h. Z% x0 B EDance ' v5 x" i! S0 S& n
National Association of Schools of Dance
3 P) u) e0 W9 @% m4 tDentistry $ l N9 w/ j! v& H: p# ?
Commission on Dental Accreditation, American Dental Association; k4 d( M" f8 N9 Q5 Y q
Education' I3 S% }, n; v1 q3 q C
National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education
$ u( x1 Z2 E6 R+ y# V& QEngineering+ G& v. N+ z3 x% B/ M1 T3 A/ f
Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, Inc.
8 h( Q& M( G6 T( X3 f, I8 C0 E* QEnvironment
$ z. N% u/ q2 N+ U! ` {* [National Environmental Health Science and Protection Accreditation
. w+ d* Q. I3 K) A' [ _; tHealth Services Administration
% Q& Z, t! C& A+ v) \( RAccrediting Commission on Education for Health Services Administration/ Q0 Q8 ~- }& H7 w3 Q
Interior Design2 v$ B! a# i" d/ w
Foundation for Interior Design Education Research
& j+ l; r( v% h7 s- @: S" N8 ]Journalism and Mass Communications0 Y7 }7 y3 X+ K A( R& R
Accrediting Council on Education in Journalism and Mass Communications
4 x$ v: Z) n2 ?- h7 ZLaw 1 z; T6 q, B0 p8 z q! W6 z
American Bar Association ( |+ p r* w: U- j5 N. W
Marriage and Family Therapy
- D( V' ^6 A4 S5 b6 j1 p7 DAmerican Association for Marriage and Family Therapy7 W) v" H- p9 E% d7 S2 f
Medicine
; `! D, h. q2 w: {6 G) m; dLiaison Committee on Medical Education, Association of American Medical Colleges, American Medical Association
- ]: Z# x7 F2 V% q$ aMusic 6 l8 m o+ H0 c* C' V" Z" x
National Association of Schools of Music8 n; ]8 f$ i+ W J) a
Naturopathic Medicine
6 R+ h( O2 X% E. vCouncil on Naturopathic Medical Education
% x) |" |5 s6 U! l! MNurse Anesthesia5 Z( A8 w0 T0 Y8 ]& u
Council on Accreditation of Nurse Anesthetists Educational Programs
- x9 K1 w9 e: ^" g8 ^8 KNurse Midwifery
' N3 k/ U$ `) g$ j& Q- HDivision of Accreditation, American College of Nurse-Midwives
6 [7 P8 i2 _+ w8 K5 n0 B7 cNursing
7 U* D- \* \# IAccreditation Services, National League for Nursing, Inc.
& h) x! o+ v: S0 Y- r/ ~2 u0 pOccupational Therapy
7 a& {" s. |, F2 _ c: AAccreditation Department, American Occupational Therapy Association
% Q# w0 E5 b% L7 nOptometry: `( H0 g* R* y# q
Council on Optometric Education, American Optometric Association
' z) r- e2 i6 I% x8 n' [0 bOsteopathic Medicine# n2 L1 j) Y/ k: i0 a
Department of Education, American Osteopathic Association
2 U, O0 m# O/ p% T$ j: pPharmacy
) U8 J _: f9 o/ M" F7 }0 fAmerican Council on Pharmaceutical Education
6 v# U7 f2 Z; x( c {- P! m9 hPhysical Therapy
2 _) Y3 |1 H: X; f) Y' [American Physical Therapy Association5 E' b0 G0 S: I4 _9 w9 ]& N
Podiatric Medicine X) ~" B( x/ C0 X r! K' Y
Council on Podiatric Medical Education, American Podiatric Medical Association
5 X; i! B# d% L" OPsychology . |# u. G) v% S9 w9 k( T7 R! X
Program Consultation and Accreditation Office, American Psychological Association& m9 U/ v* Z9 T- c
Public Health- V# ?- l- {2 O; R
Council on Education for Public Health$ g5 Q, p. @/ n6 A: }& C
Rabbinical and Talmudic Education2 I# h6 e" f- X! U; r8 H3 k; ^
Association of Advanced Rabbinical and Talmudic Schools
: }2 ^2 U/ n* DSpeech-Language Pathology and Audiology. ]& v3 X$ @2 I x" @( \
Academic Affairs and Credentialing Division, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. n9 @5 p$ F+ Y ~
Theater3 L! x( t" U) P. ~& k
National Association of Schools of Theatre
* E( o+ ]+ I& Z( n& t. STheology
/ _+ }' v- Z; V* Y: I5 z2 y2 G' DAssociation of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada* k# u3 G( O) B% y( A
Veterinary Medicine. E! `2 _* j% p. t1 P- n G
American Veterinary Medicine Association |