美國學校評審制度
5 g n+ s" Y/ o8 e留美選擇學校,最重要的就是要先考慮這個學校是否被認證。 1 r- K# ]7 i% n+ e+ ^% ~4 k9 v
當你念完書想找事做,你的老板會仔細地看你的文憑。畢業於經過認證的學校,這個時候用處就大了,因為許多公司只會考慮聘用經過認證學校的畢業生。
7 F0 z4 k0 ^, \1 _6 V) E4 |1 E辛苦來美留學,結果念的卻是不被承認的學校,那豈不是太冤枉了。 ' ?& ^+ M9 a2 p. w/ p( T
現在讓我們一起來看看美國學校的評審制度。
3 S% G& w. u4 C- G6 I美國學校如何評審
6 |9 w+ c' S0 |; q在美國由一些非營利機構負責評審學院與大學及其學術專業課程,這些機構則由聯邦教育部定期審核、監督。雖然有些學校不在乎是否通過評審,不過大部分都希望經由相關機構取得認證。
0 K/ Z2 t/ I8 I0 |5 o評估一所學校或一項計劃,認證機構通常有下列步驟:
( U2 H4 R2 V" A. W- |1) 各校事先準備好的自我評估;
8 Z' w2 }% x. v& G% l6 [7 O2) 認證機構指定小組審查自我評估,拜訪校園,實地探詢,作成報告; ; k1 y" d4 p9 E s$ [5 _8 f( a
3) 認證機構決定是否通過給予認證。
- ^7 ]5 I7 b b8 g0 e/ [9 T在認證通過前,某些單位獲得的是「暫時認證」;不過這並不能保證這些單位一定能獲得認證。
, `' D7 y( \5 ~1 r/ ?六個區域認證機構% x1 R. _" n e1 ^' r3 P0 @- x
美國有六個區域認證機構,它們主要功能在評估教育單位,包括公立和私立大學和學院及其他相關學校. 這六個機構是: + L* H, k2 V' }. X) Q
Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools 5 k v, k3 D# f% o8 f+ I- c
New England Association of Schools and Colleges 3 e5 O/ \/ \( G* ?' n- R
North Central Association of Colleges and Schools , X! V5 b! D0 m0 v; M8 g5 f+ j
Northwest Association of Schools and Colleges 4 g' J. J6 \" X4 V$ L& K& o
Southern Association of Colleges and Schools 8 j1 p6 k* i: ?
Western Association of Schools and Colleges.
/ c y# N6 {% R' Q. }每一認證機構負責該區各州審核工作。
4 B+ _3 j0 S) n9 Y# R; GMiddle States Association of Colleges and Schools ' _0 n- ^) K9 {/ N
負責地區包括﹕德拉瓦州、哥倫比亞特區、馬里蘭州、新澤西州、紐約州、賓州、美屬波多黎各及維京群島 ' y7 h6 X) g4 v' h5 t1 r
New England Association of Schools and Colleges
2 v! _0 k1 R( H( @該區機構負責審核高等教育及職業訓練單位,地區包括康乃狄克州、緬因州、麻薩諸塞州、新罕布夏州、羅德島和佛蒙特州。
% j; S' F) Q# g, p2 p yNorth Central Association of Colleges and Schools / h4 Y0 x9 w" d6 c
責地區包括﹕亞利桑那州、阿肯色州、科羅拉多州、伊利諾州、印地安那州、愛阿華州、堪薩斯州、密西根州、明尼蘇達州、密蘇里州、內布拉斯加州、新墨西哥州、北達科達州、俄亥俄州、奧克拉荷馬州、南達科達州、西維吉尼亞州、威斯康辛州和懷俄明州。
0 P0 O8 P$ @! VNorthwest Association of Schools and Colleges
0 \/ p5 P, k! o% I+ M6 I9 b% _負責地區包括﹕阿拉巴馬州、佛羅里達州、喬治亞州、肯塔基州、路易斯安那州、密西西比州、北卡羅萊納州、南卡羅萊納州、田納西州、德州和維吉尼亞州。 . K! ?2 Q) I8 D7 F# ?, d5 e2 L- p
Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
3 v4 ^: ~; l( q, X8 S" h( z" d+ Q負責地區包括﹕阿拉斯加州、愛達荷州、蒙大拿州、內華達州、俄勒岡州、猶他州和華盛頓州。 ( h. m2 e3 _8 U- W0 A- T" x8 a+ T: j8 [
Western Association of Schools and Colleges
! J; i* G- G% ]$ C負責地區包括加州、夏威夷州和美屬薩摩群島、馬里亞納群島、關島。
+ [; F" m+ ~; F8 l- z7 J教育單位認證機構:
6 P3 b% N. H. g# a6 @Accrediting Council for Continuing Education & Training (ACCET); 6 V. O/ ^# P! H$ @
Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools (ACICS); Distance Education and Training Council
8 T3 ]3 b& D0 F w$ T% `教育單位認證與計畫認證
4 O [, X9 i% y+ g除上述六個區域認證機構和教育單位認證機構外,還有一些專業認證機構負責審核學術課程;某些教育單位獲得認證,但不保證該單位所有課程都會獲得認證。當你找學校時,最重要的就是學校和課程都要經過認證才行。下面這些機構可以幫你查明認證情況:
# i! p7 O' \' a$ V! DPrograms and Professional Accrediting Agencies . }7 N/ t9 Q z8 {
Program
: x1 V0 l$ z) c4 _& YAccrediting Agency - I" U0 n' i, A. D
Acupuncture
+ P6 m7 n* f7 k6 oNational Accreditation Committee for Schools and Colleges of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine
* N: w' }* Q1 f" R: F! [Allied Health
0 z& c! W+ d5 D/ _& D: S8 V' pCommission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs
- r/ l i' V/ VArchitecture
' h0 j% S1 w7 F# {" zNational Architectural Accrediting Board1 \0 k, i* U, W( n3 C' _
Art and Design
2 N% i& X* I7 E$ [: R- [National Association of Schools of Art and Design
; H9 A& ^9 t( \. \: R2 P6 hBusiness ' P. e" g# R8 m0 I) ~4 A9 k/ G1 e% v; Q: X
Association of Collegiate Business Schools and Programs / R7 ?# M. ?, S4 e
Chiropractic
+ s) q6 i+ i, a- gThe Council on Chiropractic Education
6 M/ H7 a7 f8 G+ c0 SDance 4 }3 B9 \3 l% f, h9 N2 Z% [
National Association of Schools of Dance 3 I, i7 F* V# j2 {
Dentistry
' |5 H0 K2 n1 \/ ~4 h% kCommission on Dental Accreditation, American Dental Association
v3 l2 ]+ C& ~ Y' \" }+ iEducation- ?4 y: X4 z5 A" u
National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education1 z) W+ z% a Y ?
Engineering
2 i2 X/ ]% L. r' w- wAccreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, Inc./ @1 Z4 c* N5 B# `) f
Environment % D1 C" r! ?; ?2 Z: x
National Environmental Health Science and Protection Accreditation0 s$ d" I& W. N3 G/ r, A0 s
Health Services Administration
; V* l8 \$ ]3 w+ q# |3 u. nAccrediting Commission on Education for Health Services Administration2 I3 Z+ ^' D8 n7 c
Interior Design; V5 T& c& ~6 N) F7 i0 [' q
Foundation for Interior Design Education Research1 p- {+ j, E$ n# u7 R
Journalism and Mass Communications
7 t( N s, X5 AAccrediting Council on Education in Journalism and Mass Communications5 _1 i. c) E3 \1 Q4 e: K% L
Law
! r( _4 ~9 v5 q( u3 a! @; XAmerican Bar Association
' O* Q8 J$ y) Q! }* ZMarriage and Family Therapy
3 e" h- q" i, n" wAmerican Association for Marriage and Family Therapy+ W2 J. ]" g$ B4 w
Medicine
3 f' Y. M' V; z2 V$ PLiaison Committee on Medical Education, Association of American Medical Colleges, American Medical Association
) F7 |/ s$ L D+ l1 g) X- xMusic
* b v# n( G5 A9 p! rNational Association of Schools of Music ^" m1 n$ f5 C1 @: f' Y
Naturopathic Medicine
3 P; a! y6 F4 }+ [ Q2 i$ J; @Council on Naturopathic Medical Education9 L* U4 U( L# q' z. G
Nurse Anesthesia
; w% z+ r& M2 H' |2 v9 _9 lCouncil on Accreditation of Nurse Anesthetists Educational Programs' h* k+ L5 F. n: X u1 D
Nurse Midwifery' C1 B5 o1 b% X. T
Division of Accreditation, American College of Nurse-Midwives7 r! n$ ?6 H- g: D% [) B4 J- j
Nursing 8 b- n; B3 l$ `7 L; A! u6 |" X% j5 J
Accreditation Services, National League for Nursing, Inc.9 l9 w! @* I( a& c. H* U1 y* _
Occupational Therapy
8 p/ B9 e' ~, d. G7 b; kAccreditation Department, American Occupational Therapy Association$ f: S: y' }. e. Z' u% H' j
Optometry) h( ?" }3 O% U' V2 c: J
Council on Optometric Education, American Optometric Association3 x' ~' ?" b# n3 w8 K4 W9 u' H1 l
Osteopathic Medicine
# N! `: Z9 k; S( Q+ M5 m& u& IDepartment of Education, American Osteopathic Association9 u3 }) S% Q9 @9 D
Pharmacy ' q; ~+ X/ n, b9 C8 w$ U b6 c. q5 ^- K
American Council on Pharmaceutical Education$ X% E: [- c9 \& I4 _- \1 \
Physical Therapy5 G) F X0 j( g+ p, d6 l$ f9 q
American Physical Therapy Association
+ _# W3 r$ Z2 u+ W8 e* wPodiatric Medicine
9 e% K( E' Y- |! P- |! h# DCouncil on Podiatric Medical Education, American Podiatric Medical Association
0 `" T1 H2 t8 l; }Psychology * Z9 i. D- W4 R3 k; ^
Program Consultation and Accreditation Office, American Psychological Association! h! h) y2 `. A% r, @
Public Health
/ ?; w7 y2 n$ l3 e6 Z1 jCouncil on Education for Public Health3 w7 {, w+ v8 p+ `9 e
Rabbinical and Talmudic Education3 w6 Q# y5 w3 d+ ~
Association of Advanced Rabbinical and Talmudic Schools3 C+ T R( `: X
Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology+ j8 s6 `4 Y( K& G3 o: c
Academic Affairs and Credentialing Division, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association' _5 K( i+ n: Q* S" w
Theater8 Q: y$ c- V; R1 _8 b$ b* _5 {
National Association of Schools of Theatre* v0 A8 Q+ E% F( j
Theology 5 G( N" E9 |5 ?" \# Z
Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada3 z: P, q& y) a. B. j* s$ k2 B
Veterinary Medicine
. X7 U* K" @8 B# _; F! CAmerican Veterinary Medicine Association |